Preeclampsia Symptoms During Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is a condition that affects pregnant women. Pregnancy is a miraculous journey filled with anticipation and joy, but it also comes with its share of potential health challenges. Preeclampsia can arise during pregnancy and poses risks for both the mother and the baby. Understanding the symptoms, onset, and potential impact on the baby is crucial for timely intervention and a successful outcome. Let us explore the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia: when it typically starts, its potential effects on the baby, and when it is essential to seek emergency medical attention.

Signs and Symptoms

Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs, most commonly the liver and kidneys, and it usually occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. While the exact cause is not fully understood, factors such as genetics, immune system problems, and blood vessel issues are believed to contribute to its development.

• High Blood Pressure: One of the primary indicators of preeclampsia is elevated blood pressure. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mm Hg or higher is considered elevated, and persistent high blood pressure is a cause for concern. Pregnant individuals need to monitor their blood pressure regularly and report any significant increases to their healthcare provider. (Cleveland Clinic, 2021)
• Protein in Urine: Another key symptom is the presence of protein in the urine. Healthy kidneys filter waste, but in preeclampsia, proteins may leak into the urine due to kidney dysfunction. This can be detected through a simple urine test conducted during prenatal check-ups.
• Swelling: Swelling, especially in the hands and face, is a common symptom. However, it’s important to note that some swelling is normal during pregnancy. If the swelling is sudden or severe, it may be an indication of preeclampsia.
• Headaches and Visual Disturbances: Preeclampsia can cause persistent headaches and visual disturbances, such as blurred or double vision. These symptoms should not be ignored and must be reported to a healthcare professional promptly.
• Upper Abdominal Pain: Pain in the upper abdomen, often under the ribs on the right side, can be a sign of liver involvement. If a pregnant individual experiences persistent or severe pain in this area, medical attention should be sought.

When Does it Start?

Preeclampsia typically develops after the 20th week of pregnancy, but it can occur earlier or even postpartum. The exact cause and timing remain unclear, making regular prenatal check-ups essential for early detection and management. Some factors that may increase the risk of developing preeclampsia include being a first-time mom, having a history of high blood pressure or kidney disease, being pregnant with multiple babies, and having certain medical conditions such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders. (Mayo Clinic, 2022)

Does Preeclampsia Hurt the Baby?

Preeclampsia can indeed have consequences for the baby. The condition can lead to reduced blood flow to the placenta, affecting the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This may result in low birth weight, premature birth, and in severe cases, stillbirth. It’s crucial to note that the impact on the baby varies depending on the severity of preeclampsia and how early it is detected and managed.

Healthcare providers may conduct ultrasounds and other tests to assess the baby’s development and make informed decisions regarding the timing and mode of delivery if complications arise. (March of Dimes, 2023)

When to Go to the ER

Prompt medical attention is crucial for individuals experiencing preeclampsia during pregnancy. Immediate emergency room visits are necessary for severe headaches unresponsive to over-the-counter pain relievers, sudden vision changes like blurred or double vision, and persistent upper abdominal pain, especially under the right ribs, indicating potential liver involvement. High blood pressure consistently exceeding 160/110 mm Hg demands immediate medical attention due to the risks for both mother and baby. Additionally, any noticeable reduction in fetal movements or kicks should be promptly reported, as it may signify compromised blood flow to the placenta. Vigilant monitoring and swift action are essential to ensure the safety of both the expectant mother and the baby.

In conclusion, preeclampsia is a serious condition that requires vigilant monitoring and timely intervention. Regular prenatal check-ups and open communication with healthcare providers play a vital role in the early detection and effective management of preeclampsia, promoting the well-being of both the mother and the baby. If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of preeclampsia, seek immediate medical treatment.

Works Cited

Cleveland Clinic medical, Cleveland Clinic medical. “Preeclampsia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments & Prevention.” Cleveland Clinic, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17952-preeclampsia.

Mayo Clinic. “Preeclampsia.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/preeclampsia/symptoms-causes/syc-2035574.

March of Dimes. “Preeclampsia.” March of Dimes, www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/preeclampsia.